Herbalism 101 | Herbal Indications A-C
If you’re new to the world of herbalism, you might have already bumped into some words that seem like a foreign language. What are adaptogen, alterative, and bitter herbs?
Whether you’re looking to learn about herbs to support yourself, your family, or your community getting to know herbal indications is the first step to decoding the language of our herbal allies.
What is an herbal action/Indication?
In today’s science-backed world it’s important to bridge the “language” gap between how herbs function and what specific actions they may cause in the body. Each plant ally has his or her own special set of indications. Chamomile, for example, is considered an Antispasmodic, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Anxiolytic, Carminative, Sedative, and a Vulnerary. The synergy of these actions supports the healing journey of our bodies as a whole: mind + body + spirit.
Herbal actions are terms used to categorize plants by the effect they cause on the body.
Herbal actions are key pieces of the puzzle herbalists use when creating formulations or prescribing single herbs. Knowing how an herb affects our body will help you understand the plants’ language and take you deeper into the world of herbalism.
Herbal actions A-C
Adaptogen | Alterative | Analgesic | Antibacterial | Anticatarrahal | Antiemetic | Anti-inflammatory | Antioxidant | Antiseptic | Antispasmodic | Antiviral | Anxiolytic | Aphrodisiac | Aromatic | Astringent | Bitters | Cardiotonic |
Adaptogen
Adaptogens are a class of herbs that support the body's natural ability to mitigate stress, or to “adapt” to stress. This class of herbal allies helps to normalize body functions that have been compromised by stress, they also have a wide protective effect on both environmental and emotional stress.
Who are these herbal allies?
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Ashwagandha is commonly used by herbalists as a tonic with an affinity for the nervous system. Historically, this herb has been used to promote a youthful physical state and improve mental health by expanding one’s feelings of wellbeing.
Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) aka Tulsi
In Ayurveda, tulsi is known as “the incomparable one” or “queen of herbs”. Historically, she has been used to ease anxiety and depression, her effects have often been compared to antidepressant drugs. Holy basil has also been known to protect against infections and improve healing time.
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)
Reishi mushrooms' medicinal properties have been known for over 2,000 years. Reishi stimulates the immune system, is rich in antioxidants, great for viral and bacterial infections, and plays a role in alleviating stress. She grounds us back into our bodies and may help ease anxiety. Her nourishing-adaptogenic effects strengthen the nervous system over time.
Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) Unlike the adaptogens that we’ve mentioned above, Rhodiola may increase energy and stamina. Traditionally, she may prove to be useful for those suffering from fatigue and weakness.
Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis)
Schisandra, also known as the "five-flavor-fruit" has often been used as a tonic to improve vitality. She may protect against free radicals and other environmental stressors. Other benefits of Schisandra include - may regulate blood glucose levels, may ease digestion, as well as anxiety and depression.
Alterative
Alteratives are a class of herbs that may help restore normal functions of the body's organ systems by removing metabolic waste. These herbs are often referred to as blood or lymphatic cleansers and tonics.
Who are these herbal allies?
Calendula (Calendula officinalis)
Calendula is known for her wound healing abilities, both internally and externally. As an external healer, she's often used for burns, surgical wounds, scarring, and rashes. Internally, calendula may repair the gut lining in digestive problems such as leaky gut. Calendula may be used as a blood cleanser, gently clearing the blood of any lymphatic congestions due to swollen glands or lingering infections.
Echinacea (Echinacea spp.)
Echinacea is one of the most famous herbs for cold and flu season. She may stimulate the production of white blood cells to help combat infections. As an alterative, she excels in her ability to cleanse the blood of infection and is frequently called to relieve skin abscesses. Native Americans often used this plant to treat snake bites.
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
Nettle is an amazing everyday herbal ally. She is infused with vitamins and minerals, ready to nourish our body with her superfood abilities. Nettle is safe enough and often recommended as a daily tonic; she nourishes the blood and helps eliminate waste via the urinary system.
Analgesic
An analgesic herb works to relieve pain in the body, this action is accomplished through relaxing spasms, cooling heat in the body, and supporting the nervous system.
Who are these herbal allies?
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
Historically valerian has been used to treat menstrual pain, rheumatic pain, intestinal colic, and migraines. Valerian works with the nervous system relaxing tension in the body. While also reducing the sensation of pain.
Kava Kava (Piper methysticum)
Kava, a well-known herb native of Oceana, has been traditionally used to treat anxiety and promote relaxation. One of the compounds found in this plant is kavalactones, which produce the herb's analgesic effect. These compounds help to relax the body and the mind, releasing tension.
Willow (Salix spp.)
The ancient Greeks used willow to relieve pain associated with arthritis. Willow contains a compound called salicin. Salicin works in similar ways to the drug aspirin. This compound is converted into salicylic acid, which has been shown to reduce inflammation and pain.
Antibacterial
Antibacterial herbs are plant allies that help stop or prevent the growth of bacteria. These herbs can be taken internally or applied topically to affected areas.
Who are these herbal allies?
Calendula (Calendula officinalis)
When used externally, calendula may help shorten the duration of most bacterial infections - she is great for cuts, scrapes, and boils. Her flavonoid, triterpene, saponin, and carotenoid contents give calendula its antibacterial properties. Historically, calendula has also been used as an internal healer, helping to treat ulcers; and targeting the bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.)
Cinnamon’s bioactive phytochemicals (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol) have been shown to have antibacterial activity in clinical trials.
Garlic (Allium sativum)
Raw garlic excels in treating bacterial infections and is indicated for the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. This herb has exhibited a broad antibiotic spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Anticatarrahal
An herbal ally that assists the body in expelling excess mucus.
Who are these herbal allies?
Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Bonset was often used in the 19th century to relieve colds, fevers, influenza, and pneumonia. This herbal ally may clear congestion and may stimulate the immune system.
Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
For hundreds of years, mullein has been a go-to herbal remedy for problems with the respiratory tract. Most often used for coughs, colds, bronchitis, and the flu. Mullein assists by opening the lungs and soothing any irritation associated with respiratory illnesses.
Antiemetic
These herbs are used to treat nausea and vomiting.
Who are these herbal allies?
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Chamomile is most widely known for her ability to soothe an upset stomach, whether that’s gas, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, bloating, or diarrhea.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
For hundreds of years, ginger has been used to help with nausea and prevent vomiting. This herbal ally is especially great for pregnant women who are experiencing morning sickness, the volatile oils in ginger (gingerol) give this herb its anti-emetic effect.
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Peppermint helps relax the stomach muscles. A cup of peppermint tea can help ease digestive upset, nausea, and vomiting.
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory herbs act on the body to reduce inflammation. Herbal anti-inflammatories don’t work exactly like their pharmaceutical counterparts. Instead of suppressing inflammation, these plant allies restore and heal the affected area, working with the body to restore balance.
Who are these herbal allies?
Calendula (Calendula officinales)
Calendula is a natural anti-inflammatory often used in wound healing, she helps decrease inflammation by reducing potential scarring and promoting tissue healing.
Chickweed (Stellaria media)
Infusions of chickweed may be used to address a long list of skin issues. She has often been used to treat boils, sores, rashes, wounds, eczema, and psoriasis by reducing inflammation and discomfort such as itching.
Plantain (Plantago spp.)
Plantain is a soothing herb often found in many herbalists' first aid kits. She is soothing for insect bites, stings, and small wounds or cuts. She has even been used to ease inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
Internally, plantain may be useful for treating gastrointestinal, oral, and urinary tract infections that cause inflammation.
Antiseptic
Antiseptic herbs may help to destroy and prevent further bacterial growth. These herbs contain ingredients that may kill bacteria and other microorganisms on the surface of the skin/tissue.
Who are these herbal allies?
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Often referred to as nature's bandage, this plant ally has been used for thousands of years to aid in the healing of cuts and wounds by decreasing the chance of infection when applied topically.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
Rosemary does not get the recognition she deserves, often thought of as an herb to add flavor to culinary dishes.
In herbalism, rosemary is considered a powerful plant ally that helps combat bacterial infections.
Antispasmodic
This class of herbs reduces involuntary muscle spasms as well as muscular tension. Most of the herbal allies in this category work on the peripheral nervous system or the digestive system.
Who are these herbal allies?
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Chamomile contains bisabolol, an anti-inflammatory compound that soothes and relaxes the stomach and digestive system. By relaxing these muscles, the body goes into rest and digest mode and we can digest, absorb and gain valuable nutrition from food.
Cramp bark (Viburnum opulus)
Cramp bark contains esculetin and V. opulus, two constituents that soothe and relax uterine cramps associated with women's menstrual cycles. This plant ally also helps soothe other types of cramps like gastrointestinal, skeletal (leg cramps), and muscle spasms.
Kava Kava (Piper methysticum)
Kava has been used to relieve menstrual cramps and other PMS symptoms. The sedative properties in kava may help relieve muscle tension from stress, including muscle tension after exercise.
Antiviral
Who are these herbal allies?
Echinacea (Echinacea spp.)
Echinacea is a plant ally that has been used and revered by Native Americans for its long list of uses. As an antiviral, she stimulates the immune system keeping illness at bay, especially when taken at first signs of a cold/flu. Historically, she has been used to help clear toxins after contracting chickenpox, measles, or mononucleosis.
Elderberry (Sambucus spp.)
Elderberry has become increasingly popular over the last couple of years, especially in the form of a medicinal syrup. Elder trees contain berries that tonify, nourish, and support the overall function of the immune system. Studies have shown that elderberry may inhibit the flu virus entry and replication in human cells.
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
This fragrant herbal ally has been used for centuries for its antiviral properties. She helps treat cold sores, and she may also inhibit the growth of viruses that cause influenza.
Anxiolytic
Anxiolytic herbs may help to relieve anxiety and reduce overall tension.
Who are these herbal allies?
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)
Passionflower can help bring a sense of calm to an agitated mind and body. She may reduce anxiety, agitation from stress, and feelings of depression. Studies have shown that this herbal ally may be as effective as oxazepam (an anxiety medication) without the side effects (drowsiness).
Skullcap (Scuttelaria lateriflora)
Skullcap is a trusted herbal ally often used for nervous tension, restlessness, or digestive upset caused by anxiety. Studies have shown that specific constituents in this plant, such as baicalin and baicalein bind to the same GABA receptor as a benzodiazepine.
Catnip (Nepata cataria)
For centuries catnip has been used in European folk medicine to treat fevers and colic. Today she is used as a gentle herbal ally for anxiety and sleep formulas.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Chamomile restores balance to the nervous system when we are feeling anxious or unsettled. This healing herb contains a bioflavonoid compound called apigenin that binds to the same receptors as some anxiety medications. The plant extracts found in chamomile act on the brain to calm GABA signals; over time chamomile calms the nervous system, and has even been studied for its potential to increase secretion, dopamine, and noradrenaline uplifting a low mood.
Aphrodisiac
Aphrodisiac herbs are known to stimulate sexual desire. They do this by targeting the nervous, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. This group of plants may also increase blood flow to sexual organs.
Who are these herbal allies?
Cacao (Theobroma cacao)
Cacao is considered a heart-opening herb that allows for a deep connection with yourself and others. This plant has several chemical constituents that may produce a 'blissed-out' effect.
Rose (Rosa spp.)
Rose has a long history and connection to love and the heart space; she makes us feel good when we receive her on special occasions. Internally she supports the nervous system, the female reproductive system, and the cardiovascular system.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.)
Cinnamon warms the nervous, digestive, and reproductive systems. She connects the emotional and physical heart, helping us to feel supported.
Aromatic
A warming herb that stimulates digestion, these herbs are known for their strong scent and high content of volatile oils.
Who are these herbal allies?
Ginger (Zingiber officinalis)
Ginger is a zesty, warming root that has been used for centuries to support healthy digestion. She helps stimulate the digestive tract, moving food through the system by increasing digestive enzymes such as trypsin and the pancreatic enzyme lipase.
Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
For hundreds of years, anise has been used as a digestive aid to ease constipation and gas.
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Peppermint is an excellent aromatic as one of the world's most well-known herbs; she is often used to help relieve gas, bloating, and nausea.
Astringent
Astringent herbs cause tissues to contract by tightening and toning lax tissue membranes. The tannins in this group of herbs are responsible for their effect.
Who are these herbal allies?
Sage (Salvia officinalis)
Sage may ease post-nasal drip, diarrhea and reduce excessive sweating. She is also great for women looking to stop the flow of breast milk.
Slippery elm (Ulmus spp.)
Slippery elm is often indicated for gastrointestinal concerns, soothing irritated mucus membranes. The tannins in this plant may help draw out boils and splinters.
Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
Most people are familiar with the tightening effect experienced after using witch hazel on their skin. She is popular in many over-the-counter products like aftershave and toners. Witch hazel may also be used to ease the discomfort of hemorrhoids.
Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds often found in herbs, foods, and spices that neutralize free radicals and help reduce oxidative stress.
Who are these herbal allies?
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
Ginkgo has over 300 compounds, flavonoids, and terpenoids in this plant ally are responsible for its antioxidant effect. Studies have shown that this plant may fight oxidative stress related to aging.
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
You might be familiar with licorice candy, but as an herbal ally, she has a long history of medicinal uses. Licorice has been used in traditional Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Greek medicine to help soothe upset stomachs, relieve heartburn, and calm skin conditions like eczema. Although she contains hundreds of compounds, glycyrrhizin is the main component responsible for her antioxidant effects.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Turmeric is most widely known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Her antioxidant properties may even reduce the risk of cataracts and glaucoma.
Bitters
Herbs in this category are easy to identify due to their bitter taste! They start their job as soon as they hit our taste buds, causing secretions that aid in overall digestion.
Who are these herbal allies?
Oregon Grape Root (Berberis aquifolium)
Oregon grape root has been traditionally used to stimulate digestion, this herb soothes the lining of the digestive tract and increases the production of bile making it easier for you to digest and absorb nutrients from food.
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Did you know that dandelion root can restore gut flora? Dandelion root contains a substance called inulin which acts like a prebiotic, feeding the good bacteria in your gut. She is also considered a bitter. Bitter herbs stimulate a response in your taste buds which then sends a signal to your digestive system to begin secretions in the stomach - optimizing digestion!
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus)
The ancient Greeks and Romans used artichoke to aid in the digestion process. Artichoke is indicated for those with weak digestion, helping increase secretions of bile from the liver.
Cardiotonic
Cardiotonic herbs support the cardiovascular system.
Who are these herbal allies?
Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca)
You will often find motherwort in tinctures for high blood pressure and anxiety. This herb is great for people who experience heart palpitations caused by anxiety and high blood pressure due to stress. Emotionally, she may be able to help those experiencing melancholy.
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.)
The leaf, flowers, and berries of hawthorn are all said to contain cardiac toning properties. She may help lower blood pressure by acting as a vasodilator, relaxing the blood vessels.
Linden flower (Tilia spp.)
Tilia is an herbal ally for both the emotional and physical heart; she may relieve high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, and support blood vessel health.